Is it worth collecting poster stamps?

 Is it worth collecting poster stamps?

© Andrzej Philips

 Wawel Gedenket der Flüchtlinge

       

Advertising stamps caught my interest when I came across the following stamp. It depicts Wawel - write something about Wawel.  Wawel is a historic architectural complex in Krakow, Poland, renowned for its Royal Castle and Cathedral. It served as the residence of Polish kings for centuries and is celebrated for its blend of architectural styles, including Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque. Wawel's rich history and cultural significance make it a cherished symbol of Poland's heritage.

The stamp bears the signature of H. Rauchinger in the bottom right corner. It was designed by Heinrich Rauchinger between 1915 and 1918. The inscription Gedenket der Flüchtlinge means Remember the Refugees).

This poster stamp is a small yet poignant artifact reflecting the historical context of its time. Designed by Heinrich Rauchinger during World War I, it was created to draw attention to the plight of refugees. The inclusion of the Wawel Castle, a symbol of Polish heritage and resilience, underscores the national and cultural significance behind the call to remember those displaced by the war.

The stamp's design incorporates elements of Autotype printing, which allows for detailed and nuanced imagery, suitable for capturing the solemn and evocative message intended by Rauchinger. As a work of art, it highlights Rauchinger's skill in combining visual elements with a powerful social message.

The signature of H. Rauchinger and the specific mention of Wawel tie the object directly to Polish history and culture, making it a valuable piece for collectors and historians alike. It reflects the broader efforts during the early 20th century to use art and print media as tools for social awareness and humanitarian appeals.

Heinrich Rauchinger's poster stamp Gedenket der Flüchtlinge serves as a historical document and an artistic expression, reminding us of the humanitarian crises of the past and the role of art in addressing social issues. Its preservation in a collection highlights its enduring significance and the importance of remembering the past through such artifacts.

 

What are poster stamps?

Poster stamps, also known as Cinderella stamps, hold a unique place in the world of philately. Unlike traditional postage stamps issued by postal authorities for the purpose of mailing, poster stamps are primarily designed for advertising, promotion, or commemoration. They often feature colorful designs, artistic illustrations, and thematic imagery, making them attractive to collectors.

The term "poster stamp" originated because these stamps often resembled miniature posters in their design and aesthetics. Many poster stamps were either “poster-like” in appearance or exact miniature replicas of larger street posters. Their colorful and detailed artwork was especially eye-catching during the early 1900s, a time when color printing was still relatively expensive and not commonly used. This vivid, poster-like quality made these stamps stand out and quickly catch the public’s attention.

The decision to collect poster stamps ultimately depends on individual preferences and interests. Here are some factors to consider when determining if it's worth collecting them:

1. Historical Significance: Poster stamps offer insights into various aspects of history, including advertising trends, cultural movements, and significant events. They can serve as valuable artifacts, providing a glimpse into the past and shedding light on social, political, and economic contexts.

2. Artistic Value: Many poster stamps showcase intricate artwork, innovative designs, and creative concepts. For art enthusiasts, collecting poster stamps can be a rewarding pursuit, offering exposure to a diverse range of artistic styles and techniques.

3. Thematic Diversity: Poster stamps cover a wide range of themes, including sports, entertainment, transportation, politics, and more. Collectors have the flexibility to focus on specific themes that align with their interests, allowing for a personalized and diverse collection.

4. Accessibility: Unlike traditional postage stamps, which may have limited availability or require significant financial investment, poster stamps are often more accessible and affordable. They can be found through various channels, including online marketplaces, stamp shows, and specialty shops.

5. Community Engagement: Collecting poster stamps can be a social and community-oriented activity. Enthusiasts have the opportunity to connect with fellow collectors, attend stamp exhibitions, participate in trading events, and engage in discussions about their shared interests.

6. Educational Value: Poster stamps offer educational opportunities for both collectors and enthusiasts. Researching the history, context, and significance of poster stamps can enhance one's knowledge and appreciation of art, culture, and society.

Ultimately, the decision to collect poster stamps should be driven by personal enjoyment, curiosity, and passion. Whether you're drawn to their historical significance, artistic appeal, thematic diversity, or community engagement, collecting poster stamps can be a rewarding hobby that offers both enjoyment and enrichment.

Poster stamps are a unique category of philatelic items resembling regular postage stamps but not used for postal services. They encompass a broad range of subtypes, including revenue stamps printed by national governments for tax payments, local stamps used for regional deliveries, and most notably, privately printed stamps for advertising or propaganda purposes. These privately produced stamps are the primary focus for collectors and are known as poster stamps in the United States. They are distinguished by their striking graphic designs, larger sizes, vivid colors, and bold, eye-catching aesthetics, often mimicking the appearance of full-sized posters.

The term poster stamp refers to a type of cinderella stamp that resembles a miniature poster. They are typically used for advertising, propaganda, or commemorative purposes and are not valid for postage. Below are translations of poster stamp in several languages:

The poster stamps in other langauges: German: Werbemarke, Vignette publicitaire or timbre affiche, Italian: Francobollo pubblicitario, Spanish: Sello de publicidad or sello póster, Znaczek reklamowy, Dutch: Reclamezegel, Portuguese: Selo de publicidade, Russian: Рекламная марка (Reklamnaya marka)

Poster stamps are a fascinating aspect of philately and graphic design history, reflecting the cultural and commercial trends of their times. They were particularly popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially in Europe and North America. Collectors value them for their artistic designs and historical significance.

 

Henryk Rauchinger: An Austro-Polish Portraitist

 

Henryk Rauchinger, born on January 1, 1858, in Krakow, embarked on a remarkable artistic journey that spanned the vibrant cultural landscapes of Krakow, Vienna, and beyond. A painter of Polish descent, Rauchinger's passion for art led him to study at the Krakow School of Fine Arts under the esteemed Jan Matejko. Continuing his artistic education, he honed his skills at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, where he studied under August Eisenmenger and Christian Griepenkerl.

Rauchinger's talent as a portraitist flourished, earning him recognition within artistic circles. He showcased his works at exhibitions in Vienna and Krakow, including presentations at the Society of Friends of Fine Arts in Krakow from 1883 to 1899. Notably, in 1894, he participated in an exhibition of Polish art in Lviv (Lwów), where he presented a portrait of Zenon Przesmycki, a Polish poet known by the pseudonym Miriam.

Portrait of Karolina Zakrzeńska née Święcicka [wikimedia]

Throughout his career, Rauchinger received numerous accolades for his artistry. His portraits, characterized by meticulous attention to detail and a profound sense of emotion, earned him widespread acclaim. Among his notable achievements were portraits of prominent figures such as Stefan Zweig and Bertha von Suttner, reflecting his ability to capture the essence of his subjects on canvas.

Henryk Rauchinger - In hard labor (exile to Siberia) 1886 [National Museum in Krakow]

Despite his artistic success, Rauchinger's life took a tragic turn with the onset of Nazi persecution. In 1942, at the age of 84, he was arrested and deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, where he ultimately perished. His final days remain shrouded in uncertainty, with his fate officially recognized by court order in 1948.

Rauchinger's legacy endures through his art, serving as a poignant reminder of the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity. In 2018, his name was commemorated in an exhibition at the Volkskundemuseum Wien, honoring his contributions to art and bearing witness to the enduring power of creativity in the face of tyranny.

Henryk Rauchinger's journey embodies the transformative power of art, transcending borders and generations to leave an indelible mark on the annals of history. Through his portraits, he immortalized the souls of his subjects, ensuring that their stories endure as a testament to the enduring power of the human spirit.

Henryk Rauchinger was a notable Polish artist known for his contributions to the journal Life (Życie), which played a significant role in the Polish modernist movement. Rauchinger created the first title vignette for the inaugural issue of Life in 1897, which set a visual tone for the publication. His work, alongside other prominent Polish artists, contributed to the visual and thematic identity of the journal.

Rauchinger's artistic involvement in Life was part of a broader effort to establish a Polish voice within the modernist discourse. The journal's illustrative content, including Rauchinger's vignettes, often featured Symbolist and Art Nouveau influences, reflecting the international trends in art while embedding a distinct Polish perspective.

Throughout its publication, Life showcased a variety of artistic styles and themes, including idealized femininity, nostalgic landscapes, and allegorical motifs. Rauchinger and his contemporaries, such as Stanisław Wyspiański and Teodor Axentowicz, contributed to this rich visual program, which helped to legitimize and promote modernist ideas within Poland.

In summary, Henryk Rauchinger played a pivotal role in the early visual direction of Life, helping to shape the journal's aesthetic and thematic approach, which was crucial in integrating Polish contributions into the broader narrative of modernism.

Following the trail of this poster stamp, I began to search for information about Henryk Rauchinger. In the National Museum in Krakow, there is a postcard with a portrait of Henryk Rauchinger. On the back, there is a note that reads, 'To beloved Dr. Jasienski and esteemed Mrs. Janina in memory of Henryk Rauchinger.

 

A new question arises: Who is Dr. Jasieński?

 

Feliks Jasieński: A Patron of Art and Collector Extraordinaire

 

Feliks Jasieński, bearing the coat of arms of Dołęga, was born on July 8, 1861, in Grzegorzewice, Poland, into the esteemed Jasieński family. His life's journey intertwined with the rich tapestry of Polish history, marked by his significant contributions to the world of art as a critic and collector.

Wojciech Weiss, Portrait of Feliks Jasieński, 1903, National Museum in Krakow

 

Descended from the illustrious Jasieński family, renowned participants of the Four-Year Sejm and one of the most affluent and influential landed gentry families in the Sandomierz region during the 19th century, Feliks's upbringing was privileged yet tumultuous. His educational path was unconventional, marked by challenges and interruptions. Despite repeating the fourth grade, he completed his schooling without sitting for final exams.

Feliks's insatiable thirst for knowledge led him to pursue higher education in Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia). However, his studies were cut short due to eye illness. Undeterred, he embarked on extensive travels across Europe, Egypt, and Asia Minor, immersing himself in diverse cultures and artistic influences. Residing at various times in Warsaw, Krakow, and Lviv, he became an integral part of Krakow's artistic milieu, engaging with the city's bohemian circles and participating in the famed Zielony Balonik (Green Balloon) evenings.

An accomplished writer, Feliks Jasieński contributed articles and essays to prominent publications such as Chimera, and Lamus, where he served as literary director. In 1901, he published a collection of essays titled Manggha. Promenades à travers les mondes, l'art et les idées, showcasing his erudition and broad cultural interests. Collaborating with Adam Cybulski-Łada, he co-authored the 1904 album “Sztuka Polska. Malarstwo” (Polish Art. Painting), further cementing his reputation as a discerning critic and promoter of Polish art.

Feliks Jasieński's pseudonym, Manggha, derived from a collection of woodcuts by the Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai, reflected his fascination with Japanese art. His extensive travels enabled him to amass a diverse collection of European and Japanese artworks, textiles, and antiquities. Settling in Krakow in 1901, he emerged as a patron of the arts, nurturing the talents of young artists and championing the modernist movement.

His eclectic collection, which included over 15,000 exhibits, was bequeathed to the city of Krakow in 1920, with the condition that it would form an integral part of the National Museum in Krakow and be accessible to the public. As the lifetime director of the donated collection, he continually enriched its holdings, ensuring its significance for future generations.

Feliks Jasieński's legacy endures through the Manggha Centre of Japanese Art and Technology in Krakow, established with funds from Andrzej Wajda's Kyoto Prize in 1987. Named in his honor, the center preserves and showcases his remarkable collection, serving as a testament to his enduring passion for art and cultural exchange.

Though Feliks Jasieński passed away on April 6, 1929, his contributions to the world of art continue to inspire and enrich the cultural landscape of Poland and beyond. As his collection continues to captivate audiences at the Manggha Centre, his vision of art as a bridge between nations lives on, transcending boundaries and fostering understanding in an ever-changing world.

 

Janina Jasieńska: A Partner in Passion for Art

 

Beside Feliks Jasieński stood Janina Jasieńska, nee Biegel, a woman of grace and refinement whose presence illuminated the vibrant circles of Krakow's artistic milieu. Born in 1870, Janina shared Feliks' passion for culture and creativity, enriching their shared journey with her intellect and elegance.

 

Married to Henryk Jasieński in 1887, Janina played an integral role in her husband's life, providing unwavering support for his endeavors as a critic and collector. Together, they fostered an environment of artistic exploration and appreciation, hosting gatherings that brought together luminaries of the Polish cultural scene.

 

Janina's influence extended beyond the confines of their home, as she actively participated in cultural events and initiatives alongside Feliks. Her keen intellect and refined taste complemented Feliks' bold vision, contributing to the couple's enduring legacy as patrons of the arts.

 

Though her life remains somewhat veiled in the shadows of history, Janina's presence undoubtedly enriched Feliks' journey, serving as a steadfast companion in his pursuit of artistic excellence. In commemorating Feliks Jasieński's legacy, let us also honor Janina's contributions as a partner in passion for art, whose grace and elegance left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of Krakow and beyond.

 

Teresa Jasieńska and Henryk Jasieński: the Guardians of Cultural Heritage

 

After the death of Janina, Feliks Jasieński married Teresa Jasieńska, nee Łabęcka. Born into the noble Łabęcki family, Teresa shared Feliks's passion for culture and creativity, enriching their shared journey with her grace and elegance.

Henryk Jasieński, son of Feliks Aleksander Jan Jasieński and Teresa Jasieńska, was born on October 9, 1888, in Kielce-Pisary. He inherited a rich legacy of art and culture from his esteemed parents and dedicated his life to preserving and promoting cultural heritage.

Growing up in an environment steeped in artistic fervor, Henryk absorbed his parents' passion for creativity and cultural exploration. Their home in Krakow served as a vibrant hub of intellectual discourse and artistic exchange, nurturing Henryk Jr.'s innate curiosity and love for the arts from an early age.

Following in his father's footsteps, Henryk embarked on a mission to safeguard Poland's cultural heritage. With deep reverence for art and history, he became the custodian of his family's extensive collection, ensuring its preservation for future generations. His commitment to cultural stewardship extended beyond the confines of his familial legacy as he actively engaged in initiatives to protect and promote Poland's rich artistic heritage.

In addition to his role as a guardian of cultural heritage, Henryk was also a devoted husband to Halina Magdalena Jasieńska, sharing with her a passion for art and culture. Together, they continued the Jasieński family's tradition of patronage and philanthropy, supporting various cultural endeavors and initiatives.

Henryk Jasieński Jr.'s legacy is one of unwavering dedication to preserving Poland's cultural heritage and fostering a deeper appreciation for its artistic treasures. His tireless efforts as a custodian of art and culture continue to enrich the cultural landscape of Krakow and Poland, ensuring that future generations inherit a legacy of beauty, creativity, and cultural enlightenment.

 

And all of this we deduced from a small stamp with the following dimensions:  hight: 3.5 cm, width: 2.8 cm. Is it worth collecting poster stamps?

The article is subject to copyright - use requires attribution of the author and source of the article

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50th anniversary of the API Post Office

 June 22, 2024 - 50th anniversary of the API Post Office.

The similarity with the stamps of New Caledonia is not accidental.

New Caledonia - stamps from 1928 showing a view of a bay with mangroves (in French: palétuvier)

Ancient Russian Knight, Bogatyr Ilya Muromets

©Andrzej Philips

 

       

  

 

Most collectors know this stamp. Different designs of this stamp were issued in Russia in 1914 and 1915. The catalogue description: Ancient Russian Knight, Bogatyr Ilya Muromets, series “For the Benefit of Soldiers and Their Families” The stamp was  designed by famous deisgner Rihards Zariņš.

The Russian word "богатырь" (bogatyr) is best translated into English as "warrior hero" or "heroic warrior." This word refers to a legendary hero in ancient Russian oral epic tales (bylinas) who is known for superhuman strength and bravery.

Ilya Muromets, also known as Ilya Morovlin, Muravlenin, Murovets, Muromlyan, and Ilya the Dragon Slayer, is one of the principal heroes of the ancient Russian and Russian epic poems, known as byliny. He is a legendary bogatyr (warrior hero), the son of a peasant, hailing from Northeastern Rus, who came to serve in Kyiv under Prince Vladimir and led the defense of Ancient Rus.

The son of a peasant, Ilya was born in the village of Karacharovo, near Murom[1]. Ilya Muromets was born paralyzed and could not walk until he was 33 years old. He could only lie on a Russian stove, until he was miraculously healed by two pilgrims. After his miraculous recovery, he performed numerous heroic deeds, including defeating the Nightingale the Robber, fighting idols and Tatars. In the end, Ilya is said to have turned to stone.

 

A USSR postage stamp issued in 1988 features an illustration by Raisa Smirnova[2] titled "Ilya Muromets." The stamp's se-tenant label describes bylinas: "Bylina - epic songs composed by the Russian people, reflecting the reality of Rus' in the 11th-16th centuries. The heroes of the epics are warriors, possessing high moral qualities and selfless devotion to the homeland."

 

The first written mention of Ilya Muromets dates back to the 16th century, where he appears in the works of F.S. Kmita-Chernobylsky as Ilya Muravlenin and in the accounts of Erich Lassota as the giant Ilya Morovlin in the St. Sophia Cathedral of Kyiv. In various bylinas he is also referred to as Morovets, Murovets, Muravlenin, and Morovlyanin.

Ilya Muromets' image has been widely represented in literature, music, painting, and cinema. Many researchers identify him with Saint Elijah Pechersky the Cobbler, whose relics rest in the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.

Ilya Muromets is commemorated on December 19 (January 1) and also on September 25 (October 8). On these days, Saint Elijah of Murom (Pechersky), revered by Russians, is often conflated with the legendary hero Ilya Muromets. In many provinces of the Russian Empire, it was believed that Ilya Muromets rode across the sky "on six horses," which explained the thunder. In various regions, where his horse was believed to have struck springs with its hoof, chapels were erected in the name of Saint Elijah. His association with thunder and springs also linked the legendary bogatyr to the prophet Elijah, and thus he was also remembered on Elijah's Day.

The prophet Elijah, also spelled as "Elias" in some traditions, is a significant figure in several religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He is primarily known for his role as a prophet in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and is revered as one of the greatest prophets in these religious traditions. In the Hebrew Bible, Elijah appears in the First and Second Books of Kings. He is depicted as a fearless and zealous prophet who lived during the reign of King Ahab and Queen Jezebel in the northern kingdom of Israel. Elijah's ministry was marked by his condemnation of idolatry, particularly the worship of the Canaanite god Baal, which was promoted by Ahab and Jezebel.

 

A Serbian stamp, issued in 2023, presenting Holy Prophet Elijah,  who popularly known as Ilija the Thunderer, is commemorated on August 2.

 

Elijah is famous for several miraculous deeds, including the raising of the dead, bringing fire down from heaven, and challenging the prophets of Baal to a contest on Mount Carmel, where he proved the supremacy of the God of Israel by calling fire down to consume his offering. After his victory over the prophets of Baal, Elijah fled into the wilderness, where he encountered God in a still, small voice.

 

According to the biblical account, Elijah did not die but was taken up to heaven in a whirlwind, accompanied by a chariot of fire and horses of fire. This event is known as the "ascension of Elijah" and is one of the most memorable episodes in his story.

Elijah is revered for his unwavering faithfulness to God, his boldness in confronting injustice and idolatry, and his role as a harbinger of the Messiah in Jewish tradition. In Christianity, Elijah is often seen as a precursor to John the Baptist, and his appearance alongside Moses at the Transfiguration of Jesus affirms his continued importance in Christian theology.

In Islam, Elijah is known as "Ilyas" and is considered a prophet and messenger of God. He is mentioned in the Quran, where he is revered for his righteousness and devotion to God.

 

 

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[1] Murom is a historical city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which sprawls along the west bank of the Oka River.

[2] Illustrator Raisa Alexeevna Smirnova was born on August 1, 1935, in the village of Morshan-Lyadovka, Inzhevinsky District, Voronezh Region. She became a member of the Union of Artists of the RSFSR in 1971. From 1952 to 1957, she studied at the Palekh Art School, where her teachers included A.V. Borunov, D.N. Butorin, and I.P. Vakurov. Between 1963 and 1989, she worked at the Palekh Artistic Production Workshops. Raisa Smirnova passed away on July 31, 1996, and was buried in Palekh [https://palekh.narod.ru/win/smirn_ra.htm].

The history of the sunflower

 

   

The history of the sunflower, scientifically known as Helianthus annuus, is rich and diverse. Here's a brief overview:

1. **Origin**: Sunflowers are native to North America and were domesticated around 3000 BCE by Indigenous peoples in what is now present-day Mexico and the southern United States. They were cultivated for their seeds, which were not only a food source but also used for medicinal and ceremonial purposes.

 2. **Spread to Europe**: Sunflowers were introduced to Europe by Spanish explorers in the 16th century. Initially, they were grown as ornamental plants before their value as an oilseed crop was recognized.

 3. **Cultivation for Oil**: By the 18th century, sunflowers were cultivated extensively in Russia for their oil content. Russian farmers selectively bred sunflower varieties with high oil content, leading to the development of modern oilseed sunflower varieties.

 4. **Commercialization**: In the 19th century, Russian sunflower oil gained popularity in Europe, and by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, sunflower cultivation had spread to other parts of Europe and the world.

 5. **Modern Cultivation**: Today, sunflowers are grown commercially in many countries, including Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, the United States, and China. They are primarily cultivated for their seeds, which are used for oil extraction, as snacks, and in baking and cooking. Sunflower oil is one of the most popular vegetable oils globally due to its light flavor, high smoke point, and nutritional profile.

  

 6. **Symbolism and Cultural Significance**: Sunflowers have symbolic importance in various cultures. They are often associated with the sun, positivity, and longevity. In art, literature, and mythology, sunflowers have been depicted as symbols of hope, adoration, and loyalty.

 Overall, the sunflower's journey from its origins in North America to its global cultivation and symbolic significance reflects its importance in human history and culture.

The Latin name "Helianthus annuus"  translates to "annual sunflower," with each component having its own meaning:

 1. "Helianthus" comes from the Greek words "helios," meaning "sun," and "anthos," meaning "flower." So, "Helianthus" refers to a plant that follows the sun, as sunflowers are known to do, tracking its movement across the sky during the day.

 2. "Annuus" is derived from the Latin word "annuus," meaning "annual" or "yearly." It refers to the fact that sunflowers typically complete their life cycle within a year, growing, flowering, producing seeds, and then dying in a single growing season.

The most famous are "Sunflowers" by Vincent van Gogh.

Vincent van Gogh created a series of paintings featuring sunflowers, with variations in composition, color palette, and style. The exact number of paintings in the "Sunflowers" series is a matter of interpretation and classification, as some artworks are considered part of the series while others may be related but not officially included.

 Typically, there are considered to be five main paintings in van Gogh's "Sunflowers" series, which are recognized as iconic representations of his exploration of color, texture, and form:

 1. "Sunflowers" (F453), painted in 1888, currently housed at the National Gallery in London.

2. "Sunflowers" (F455), also painted in 1888, currently located at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.

3. "Sunflowers" (F456), created in 1888, now held by the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

4. "Sunflowers" (F458), painted in 1889, housed at the Neue Pinakothek in Munich.

5. "Sunflowers" (F459), completed in 1889, currently in the collection of the Seiji Togo Memorial Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Museum of Art in Tokyo.

 

 In addition to these main paintings, there are other related works, including still lifes and studies of sunflowers, which are sometimes considered part of the broader "Sunflowers" series. Overall, the "Sunflowers" series remains one of van Gogh's most celebrated and recognizable bodies of work.

Doctor Zhivago (English version)

My article Doctor Zhivago 

Baggo – the story of one envelope!

 

The history of the Baggehufwud – Baggovut – Baggo family

©Andrzej Philips

 

 

The envelope with the coat of arms of the Russian Empire had been lying around for about 40 years, I don't even remember where I bought it. In all these years, no one was interested. An ordinary whole, of which there are many. Sent from Popielnia [1]to Kegel [2]. This time I looked at it from a non-philatelic perspective. Inscription: Kegel Post Office, Estland Governorate [3], His Honor Eduard Valerianovich Baggovut, Vazelem Estate. The question arose - who was this Edward Boggutov...

  

                             

Seal and a stamp printed on the envelope

Eduard Walerianowicz Baggovut (Eduard Karl Ewald von Baggehufwudt) was born on October 30, 1870 in the capital of the Estonian Governorate in Reval (today's Tartu) into a wealthy family of Estonian nobility: Valerian von Baggovut (born May 13, 1843, Saint-Petersburg, died July 3. 1923 Tallinn, Estonia) [4]and Josefine Magdalena (Josy) von Baggehufwudt (Baggo) (von Ungern-Sternberg) (born 20/08/1839 in Nõva (Neva), Estonia, died 18/02/1917 Nõva (Neva), Estonia).

 

                         

     

Valerian von Baggovut and Josefine Magdalena von Baggehufwudt (Baggo) (von Ungern-Sternberg)

 

A family of Norwegian-Swedish origin, many of whose representatives were generals and commanders in the army of the Russian Empire. Over the centuries, the family used various forms of the surname: Bagge - Baggehufwud - Baggovut - Baggo and others [5]. The family owned numerous landed estates . Eduard was one of the heirs to the brewery in Saku (Estonia) and the estates in Vazalemma and Nõva (Neva) [6].

Saku Brewery

In October 1820, the owner of the Saku manor, Count Karl Friedrich von Rehbinder (1764-1841), opened a brewery on the manor grounds. When in 1866 the manor came into the possession of Walerian Baggehufwudt (1843–1923), the brewery was renovated, and in 1871 beer from the Saku brewery took a prominent place on the Tallinn beer market. In June 1875, an agricultural exhibition was held in Kadriorg (Tallinn), where Saku beer received a bronze medal.

In 1876, instead of a small manor brewery, Walerian Baggovut built a steam-powered brewery, and in 1877 the first batch of beer was produced here. In 1880, Saku beer received the second prize and a bronze medal at the exhibition in Riga [7], [8].

The brewery produces beer: Saku / Сакуское / Sakuskie, Saku tume / Сакуское темное / Sakuskie dark, Saku hele / Сакуское светлое / Sakuskie light and Saku kuldne / Sakuskoe zolotoe/ Sakuskoe zloty [9].

Saku beer / Сакуское

Saku beer / Сакуское/Saku lager

Saku hele beer / Сакуское светлое / Saku light

Saku tume beer / Sakuskoe dark / Saku dark

Saku kuldne beer / Sakuskoe золотое / Saku golden

Vasalemma

Vasalemma [10]is a small commune in Harju County in northwestern Estonia. The settlement had 879 inhabitants, including 711 Estonians (80.9%). Vasalemma has a station on the western Elron route.                             

Palace in Vasalemma & coat of arms of the Baggehufwud family

 

Vasalemma Palace on  an Estonian stamp

First Day Cover with the stamp and the Coat of Srms of Baggovut family

In 1825, the owners of the Padise von Ramma manor separated Vasalemma as a separate estate, which in 1886 became the property of the noble von Baggovut family.

On military topographic maps of the Russian Empire (1846–1863), covering the Estonian province, the manor is marked as Vazalem manor.

The last owner of the manor was Eduard von Baggehufwudt. On his orders, the main building (manor house) was built in 1890-1893.

In 1919, the manor was expropriated, and in 1922, a school began to operate in its main building. During World War II, the building first housed a Soviet hospital, and with the arrival of the Nazis, a German training center.

Currently, the main building of the manor houses the Vasalemma Primary School. In the 2000s, the building was partially restored [11].

Nõva (Neva)

The first mention of the Nõva estate appeared in a document from 1559 as the estate of the Padise Monastery. In 1575 it passed into private hands. In 1663, the monastery property was expropriated and then returned to private ownership.

In the 17th century, the estate often changed hands. After the Great Northern War at the beginning of the 18th century, it initially belonged to the noble Baltic-German Mohrenschildt family. From 1833 it was owned by the Ungern-Sternberg family.

The oblong, single-story wooden manor house was probably built in the mid-19th century. It was kept in a classicist style, but it was rebuilt many times.

As part of the Estonian land reform, the estate and manor were expropriated by the young Estonian state. The last private owner was Josefine von Baggehufwudt (née Ungern-Sternberg, 1839–1917) and her son and heir Eduard (Ned) von Baggehufwudt.

Since 1920, the former manor house has housed a local school. Over the course of the 20th century, the building was rebuilt several times. In 2002, the destroyed building was completely replaced. The local authorities tried to preserve the shape and appearance of the historic building [12].

Neva – Vasalemma – Saku

 

After graduating from high school in 1890, Eduard Baggobutov entered the University of Tartu at the economics (agricultural) faculty, graduating in 1891. Then, on the estate in Vasalemma (34 km from Tallinn), he created the first aviary. Thanks to its aristocratic origins, wealth and over time, it became the largest in the Russian Empire. He had extensive connections throughout Europe. Birds and other animals were sent by rail throughout Russia. He also became the editor and publisher of the magazine "Rational breeding of birds and animals", which was published in Rewal (Tallinn) in 1905-1906, and two years later he started publishing Animal breeding guide (1907-1914) [13].

E. Baggovut was the author and publisher of books and catalogs: "Good advice for the transportation of poultry and animals by rail" (1908), "Illustrated catalog of birds, pigs, goats, rabbits, dogs, accessories for breeding poultry, books and postcards of the largest farm in Russia" (1901, 1902, 1908, 1913, 1914), "Rukovodstvo (1911).

He was also the publisher of books by many zoologists and veterinarians, e.g. VV Sobiniecki "Rabbit" (1907, 1912), and the same "Proper feeding of domestic birds" (1907), Aleksander A. Bazarnianinov "Conversations on sheep breeding" (1905), "On upbringing and feeding young animals (1906), Jurgenson Ivan "Pigeon breeding" (1905, 1914), "St. Bernards" (1906), Pashchenko Sergei "Diseases of domestic birds" (1910), "Feeding domestic birds" (1909), "Ant eggs and ants, their collection and preparation" (1915), Hans Eberhardt "The dog, its breeds, care, education and maintenance" (1908).

in Rewal and were distributed in large copies throughout Russia [14].[15]

                                      

"Good advice when transporting poultry and animals by rail" and "Rational feeding of poultry", Author: Wł. On Sabinetsky, Publisher: Eduard Valeryanovich Baggovut

“Illustrated catalog of birds, pigs, goats, rabbits, dogs, poultry farming accessories, books and postcards from the publication of the largest farm in Russia by EV Baggovut, Wazalem Estate, Kegel Post Office, Estonian Governorate.|

 

All activities ended with the outbreak of the war. Being German, he was accused of spying for Germany and exiled deep into the country. The farm in Vazelemma was abandoned during the war and disappeared. Fearing new arrest, he emigrated to Germany. Moreover, after World War I, agrarian reform was carried out in Estonia [16].

Economic problems coincided with political ones, the owners of medium and small farms were mostly Estonians, and their neighbors with large estates were Germans. However, it seems that the implementation of the reform was determined more by economic than political factors. It is worth noting that the majority of those in favor of its implementation were peasant parties and the broadly understood left, and to a lesser extent the right. The final result of the debate was the act adopted by the Constituent Assembly on October 10, 1919, under which large landed estates and their equipment were expropriated.

The Baltic Germans also did not give up their weapons; just a year earlier they were actively fighting against the emerging Republic of Estonia. They organized Landwery units throughout the region, which were supposed to give them victory. However, after the Estonians won and established peace, their position was undermined. Agrarian reform has become a tool for neutralizing their economic and, therefore, political power. Baltic Germans have been Estonia's social elite for centuries, dominating the economic, cultural and political life of the small country. Most Estonians saw them as foreign invaders and opponents of an independent Estonian state.

The expropriation took place for compensation, but there were problems with the valuation of real estate and livestock. Most owners claimed that their value was underestimated [17].

Eduard von Baggo settled in Gdańsk around 1920. Here he was involved in stamp collecting and stamp trading.

Initially, he moved to a villa in Westerplatte. From there he started his first business.

For example, he liked to combine the new stamps of the "Free City of Danzig" (Berlin Edition) with the still existing stamps of the German Empire and the early Weimar Republic, thus making interesting mixed postage available.

Later he started playing a bit with Gdańsk's stamps:

He once deliberately under-franked a postcard and sent it to an address in Switzerland that could not be delivered.

Surcharge stamps were glued to the card in Switzerland, and after an unsuccessful delivery attempt, the card was returned to Gdańsk.

Then postage stamps of the surcharge of the City of Gdańsk were glued here ("To be collected by the recipient"), and he received back his old shipment with postage stamps of Switzerland and Gdańsk... Such "fabricated documents" are usually not particularly popular among collectors, but without the actions of Mr. von Baggo, some interesting francs are unlikely to be seen again...

 

On January 30, 1945, Edward von Baggo and his wife were on board the ship "Wilhelm Gustloff", which at night was hit by three torpedoes fired by a Soviet submarine [18]. Eduard Baggo died along with his wife Marta, son James and his wife Gerda.

Of the 10,582 passengers, 9,343 drowned in the icy waters of the Baltic Sea before the ship's captain reached safety. We owe information about von Baggo's death to the stamp dealer's great-grandson, Mr. James von Baggo, living in Australia. James from Baggo kindly shared some additional details about the family. Accordingly, Eduard von Baggo, who came from the Baltic countries, had five children named Paul, Ned, Nils, James and Elizabeth. Ned von Baggo also became a stamp dealer and lived in Luxembourg during World War II. The fourth son, James - the grandfather of the above-mentioned correspondent from Australia - died as a soldier on January 30, 1945 on the Eastern Front - on the same day that Eduard von Baggo sailed with his collections on the "Wilhelm Gustloff" [19].

Edward was married to Marta Ritter (1884 - 1945), they had 5 children: Nils (28/10/1898, Tallinn -1985), Paul (7/10/1900-?), Ned (Eduard) (17/10/1904, Tallinn -?), James (27/02/1910 Tallinn - 31/01/1945, Königsdank [20]) and Konstance (6/04/1913 Vasalemma, Estonia - 8/08/1991, Upwey , Melbourne, Canada) [21].

 

 

Illustrious representatives of the Baggohufwudt family

Karl Gustav von Baggohufwudt  (Russian: Karl Fedorovich Baggovut); born 16/09. 1761 in Perila (Estonia).

On October 18, 1812, [22]Lieutenant General Karl Fedorovich Baggovut was killed during the Battle of Tarutino. He was born on September 16, 1761 in the Estonian province in the family of the customs director Libau [23], from a Norwegian noble family. From 1779, he served in the Russian military service as a second lieutenant of the Tobolsk infantry regiment. In 1782, he took part in the suppression of the Crimean Tatar uprisings, and during the Russian-Turkish war of 1789, he distinguished himself in the Battle of the Selcia River in Moldova during the capture of Bendera. The officer proved himself again during the suppression of the Polish uprising and became famous for his brilliant actions against the Confederates. He took part in the battle of Maciejowice [24](where T. Kościuszko was captured), and then in the assault on the outskirts of Warsaw - Prague. In 1799 Baggovut was promoted to major general. During the Battle of Preussisch Eylau [25](1807), the general was seriously wounded in the chest. Baggovut fought at Guttstadt [26]and Heilsberg [27]and was Prince Peter Bagration's closest collaborator. During the Russo-Swedish War of 1808, Baggovut won several victories over Swedish troops and distinguished himself during the defense of Abo [28]. During the Patriotic War of 1812, he commanded the 2nd Infantry Corps of the 1st Western Army. Participant in the battles of Smolensk, Borodino and Tarutino. In the last battle he was killed by an enemy cannonball. In a rescript addressed to Baggovut's widow, Emperor Alexander I wrote: "I have lost in him a brave military commander, useful to the homeland."».

His family was originally Norwegian, but moved to Sweden in the 16th century and then to Estonia in the 17th century [29].

Alexander Fedorowicz Baggovut , cavalry general (born 1806, died May 2, 1883)[30]

 

Ivan Karlowicz von Baggovut (born April 12, 1862 - February 9, 1933, died Cannes, France) - Russian general of artillery, commander of the 42nd Army Corps. Son of the commandant of Gatchina, general of infantry Karl Fedorovich Baggovut, and Maria Ivanovna Pavlova. The older brothers are Vladimir, a retired guard officer, and Alexander, a statesman and governor of Poltava [31].

On July 19, 1914, he was appointed head of the 74th Infantry Division, with which he entered World War I. From December 19, he served as general of assignments under the command of the 3rd Army. On June 27, 1915, he was appointed inspector of artillery of the 42nd Army Corps, and in 1917 he served as corps commander. In May 1917 he retired and was promoted to general of artillery.

He participated in the White Army as part of the Southern Russian Armed Forces [32], and also served in the Don Army, where he was renamed a cavalry general.

 

After the defeat of the white troops, he emigrated to Latvia and then to France. He wrote memoirs and collaborated with the Artillery Journal. He died in 1933 in Cannes.

Karl Fedorovich Baggovut (German: Karl Theodor von Baggehufwudt; 1810-1895) – general of infantry, administrator of the palaces of Gatchina [33]and commandant of Gatchina. The younger brother of Alexander Baggovut [34], he was the son of the head of customs in Libau (Liepāja), Fyodor Fedorovich Baggovut, and the nephew of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Karl Fedorovich Baggovut.

 

 

 

 

 

 

I learned about the fascinating history of the Baggehufwud family thanks to an inconspicuous envelope. I love such envelopes, postcards and postcards. These are not dead things, but objects with a soul that tell us their story.

---

[1] Popilnya or Popilnya (Ukrainian: Попільня ) is an urban-type settlement in the Zhytomyr District, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine [en.wkipedia]. The origin of the village is associated with the construction of the Fastov-Kozyatin section of the Kiev-Odessa railway, which was carried out in the 1860s. The route ran near the village of Popielnia. The station built here was named Priazovskoe. [our-travels.info]

[2] Keila (German: Kegel ) is a town and municipality in Harju County in northwestern Estonia, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Tallinn [en.wkipedia]

[3] Estonian Governorate (Russian: Эстлянсая губерния), Estonian Governorate - an administrative unit of the Russian Empire, located in the northern part of present-day Estonia.

[4]Geni.com – von Baggehufwudt family tree

[5]Family tree of the family, [geni.com]

[6]  Shergalin JE by 150th anniversary since birthday and 75th anniversary since death of breeder, aviculturist, educator and publisher Eduard Karl Ewald von Baggehufwudt (1870-1945) [elibrary.ru]

[7] Sakuski beer brewing завод (Brewery in Saku) [ru.wikipedia]

[8]200- years leader Estonian cultures beer brewing (200th anniversary of the leader of Estonian brewing culture) [dv.ee]

[9]Pavel Egorov, Facebook " ПИВО (BEER)"

[10]Vasalemma [en.wikipedia]

[11]Vazalem [ru.wikipedia]

[12] Nõva (Dorf) [de.wikipedia

[13] Shergalin HE as above

[14] Shergalin JE by 150th anniversary since birthday and 75th anniversary since death of breeder, aviculturist, educator and publisher Eduard Karl Ewald von Baggehufwudt (1870-1945) [elibrary.ru]

[15]Digar Digital Archive [digar.ee]

[16]JEShergalin as above

[17] Paweł Stefanek , Estonian land reform of 1919 [eesti.pl]

 

[18]MS Wilhelm Gustloff [pl.wikipedia]

[19] Gerald Braunberger, " Von Baggo und die "Wilhelm Gustloff" [danzig.org]

[20] Bagniewko – (German: Königsdank ) a village in Poland, located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in Świecie County, in the Pruszcz Commune [pl.wikipedia]

[21]Family tree of the von Baggehufwudt family [geni.com]

[22] Tarutino is a rural town in Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast, Russia [ru.wikipedia]

[23] Liepaja ( Latin: Liepāja, German: Libau ) - a city in the western part of Latvia [pl.wikipedia]

[24] Battle of Maciejowice - a battle fought on October 10, 1794 near Maciejowice [pl.wikipedia]

[25] Battle of Pruska Iława ( German Preußisch Eylau , present-day Bagrationovsk in the Königsberg Oblast in Russia ) [pl.wikipedia]

[26] Good City ( German Guttstadt ) – a city in the province of Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , in Olsztyn County [pl.wikipedia][e.wikipedia]

[27] Lidzbark Warmiński ( German Heilsberg ) – a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship [pl.wikipedia]

[28] Turku ( Swedish: Åbo) - a city in southwestern Finland , the capital of the country until 1812 [pl.wikipedia]

[29] Karl Gustav von Baggohufwudt [en.wikipedia]

[30] Записки и ocherk его жизни . [drevlit.ru]

[31] Beloe dvizhenie Beloe Движение [m.ok.ru]

[32]Armed Forces of the Russian South ( Russian: Вооружённые силы Юга России, ВСЮР) - the official name of the anti-Bolshevik ( White ) Russian troops, operating as a formation since January 8, 1919, when the Army of Occupation was formally merged hotnicza with the Don Army (which were joined by other operational unions white Russians) until May 10, 1920, when they were formally renamed the Russian Army [pl.wikipedia]

[33] Gatchina - a city in Russia , in the central part of the Leningrad Oblast , 45 km southwest of St. Petersburg [ru.wikipedia]

[34]Beloe dvizhenie Белое Движение [m.ok.ru]