Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation, meaning it is a state composed of multiple entities that share power. These entities are:
- Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina (representing Bosniaks and Croats),
- Republika
Srpska (predominantly Serbian),
- Brčko District (a
self-governing administrative unit with special status).
Although Republika
Srpska is referred to as a "republic," it is an entity within Bosnia
and Herzegovina, not an independent republic. The country as a whole is
officially recognized as Bosnia and Herzegovina, a federation with a complex
power-sharing structure among its three major ethnic groups.
The
political structure is defined by the Dayton Agreement, which established
several levels of governance. At the core of this structure are the two main
entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. The
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina encompasses 51% of the country’s total
area, while Republika Srpska covers the remaining 49%. These entities were
created as a result of the ethnic divisions that emerged from the Bosnian War,
with their borders reflecting the territories controlled by the warring sides
at the time.
At the
national level, Bosnia and Herzegovina has a limited set of exclusive or joint
competencies, with the majority of authority vested within the entities
themselves. Sumantra Bose describes Bosnia and Herzegovina as a consociational
confederation, where power-sharing ensures that the interests of its major
ethnic groups are balanced.
The Brčko
District, located in the north, was established in 2000 from land taken from
both entities. It officially belongs to both entities but is not governed by
either. Instead, it operates under a decentralized local government system.
Voters in the Brčko District can choose to participate in elections for either
the Federation or Republika Srpska. The district has been praised for
maintaining a multiethnic population and achieving a level of prosperity
significantly higher than the national average.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a small country with an area of 51,197 km² and a population of 3.5 million. It is the 26th largest country in Europe by area, smaller than Lithuania (65,300 km²) and Latvia (64,589 km²), but larger than Slovakia (49,035 km²), Estonia (45,227 km²), Denmark (42,933 km²), the Netherlands (41,543 km²), and Switzerland (41,290 km²).
·
BH
Pošta is one of three companies responsible for postal service in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The other two are Pošte Srpske and Hrvatska pošta Mostar.[1] BH
Pošta operates mainly in Bosniak-majority areas in the Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina.BH Pošta is the largest postal operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina
with a wide network of post offices consisting of 386 units with 822 active
counters in total, providing a full spectrum of domestic and international
postal services.
· Pošte Srpske (officially Preduzeće za poštanski saobraćaj Republike Srpske a.d.) is one of three companies responsible for postal service in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The other two are BH Pošta and Hrvatska pošta Mostar. Pošte Srpske operates in Republika Srpska. Before the war conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Post Yugoslavia was responsible for postal services on the territory of SR BiH. However, at the beginning of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the postal system in Bosnia and Herzegovina fell apart. At the beginning, there were frequent occurrences of armed attacks on Post Office vehicles and roadblocks, which made it impossible to carry out postal exchange.
·
Hrvatska
pošta Mostar (English: Croatian Post Mostar) is one of three companies
responsible for postal service in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It operates mainly in
Croat-majority areas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its
headquarters are in Mostar. It was established in 1993. The other two postal
operators in the country are BH Pošta (covering the majority of other customers
in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Pošte Srpske (operating in
Republika Srpska).
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